Corrosion Inhibitor - Anti corrosion chemical and Types of Corrosion Inhibitors
Corrosion Inhibitor - Anti-corrosion chemical
A corrosion inhibitor or anti-corrosive is a chemical compound that, when added to a liquid or gas, decreases the corrosion rate of a material, typically a metal or an alloy, that comes into contact with the fluid. The effectiveness of a corrosion inhibitor depends on fluid composition, the quantity of water, and flow regime. Corrosion inhibitors are common in the industry, and also found in over-the-counter products, typically in spray form in combination with a lubricant and sometimes a penetrating oil. They may be added to water to prevent the leaching of lead or copper from pipes. There are many mechanisms involved in the process of corrosion inhibitor or anti-corrosion and the common mechanism for inhibiting corrosion involves the formation of a coating, often a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal. Permanent treatments such as chrome plating are not generally considered inhibitors, however: corrosion inhibitors are additives to the fluids that surround the metal or related object. Corrosion can be very damaging to an appliance or a metal or alloy. It is extremely reasonable in using corrosion inhibitors or anti-corrosive chemicals for protection.
Types of Corrosion Inhibitors
Corrosion Inhibitors can be classified into 4 general types based on the mechanism with which they tend to prevent the corrosion of the metal or alloy.
Cathodic Inhibitor
Cathodic inhibitors can work to slow the cathodic reaction down or they can work to selectively precipitate on the cathodic regions of the metal in order to restrict the diffusion to the metal surface of the elements that are eroded.
Examples of Cathodic Inhibitors include sulfite and bisulfite ions which can react with oxygen to form sulfates. Another example of a cathodic inhibitor is a catalyzed redox reaction by nickel.
Anodic Inhibitor
These types of corrosion inhibitors form a thin preventive oxide layer on the surface of the metal. This reaction leads to a big anodic shift, turning the metallic surface into a passivation area. This passivation area helps in reducing the corrosion of the metal.
Examples of anodic inhibitors include chromates, nitrites, orthophosphates, and molybdates.
Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor
Volatile corrosion inhibitors can be used to halt the corrosion of condenser tubes in boilers. They are also referred to as vapor phase inhibitors or VPIs.
VPIs work by changing the pH of the exterior atmosphere to less acidic conditions in order to control corrosion. Examples include morpholine and hydrazine which are used to control the corrosion of the condenser pipes in boilers.
Mixed Inhibitors
These types of corrosion inhibitors also form a film on the surface of the metal. They work to reduce cationic reactions as well as anionic reactions. This is done via the formation of a precipitate on the surface of the metal.
Examples of Mixed inhibitors include silicates and phosphates which are used as water softeners to stop the rusting of water.
The nature of the corrosive inhibitor depends on:
- The material being protected, which are most commonly metal objects, and
- On the corrosive agent(s) to be neutralized.
The corrosive agents are generally oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide.
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