FORMAMIDE
Formamide is a formic acid amide that is used widely, for example as an intermediate in the agrochemical, pharmaceutical and paper finishing industries.
Formamide is the simplest monocarboxylic acid amide, obtained by formal condensation of formic acid with ammonia. Formamide is a colorless, slightly viscous, hygroscopic liquid that is characterized by its high dielectric constant.
- It can be used as the raw material for synthesizing imidazole, pyrimidine, 1, 3, 5-triazine, caffeine as well as the solvents for making spinning of acrylonitrile copolymer and plastic anti-static coating, etc.
- Formamide has active reactive and special dissolving capability. It can be used as the raw material for organic synthesis, paper processing agents, softening agent of fiber industry and animal glue as well as being used as the analytical reagent for measuring the amino acid content of rice. In the field of organic synthesis, it has most application in medicine as well as a lot of applications in other fields such as pesticides, dyes, pigments, fragrances and additives.
- It is also a kind of excellent organic solvent and is mainly applied to the spinning of acrylonitrile copolymers and ion exchange resins and plastics antistatic coating or conductive coating. In addition, it can also be used for separating chlorosilane and purifying grease. Formamide can have various kinds of reactions, in addition to have its three hydrogen atoms participate in the reaction, can also be subject to dehydration, CO removal, the introduction of an amino group, an acyl group and cyclization reaction. Take cyclization as an example, diethyl malonate can have cyclization reaction with formamide to generate the intermediate of vitamin B4, the 4, 6-dihydroxypyrimidine. O-aminobenzoic acid can have cyclization reaction with formamide to generate the quinazolinone-4 which is the intermediate for the synthesis of antiarrhythmic drug phenantrolihne. 3--amino-4-ethoxycarbonyl-pyrazole can have cyclization reaction with formamide to generate the inhibitor of the xanthine oxidase, allopurinol. EDTA can have cyclization reaction with formamide to give anti-cancer drugs ethylenediamine. Methyl ethyl methoxymalonate can have cyclization reaction with formamide to generate the intermediate of sulfonamide drug, 5-methoxy-4, 6-dihydroxy pyrimidine disodium.
- It can be used as analytical reagents, solvents and softening agents as well as being used in organic synthesis.
- It can be applied to medicine and pesticide industry.
It is used in the crystallization of pharmaceuticals, in soil stabilization, as a solvent in inks and as a component of liquid fertilizers.
Physical Properties:
| Melting Point | 2-3 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 210 °C(lit.) |
| Density | 1.134 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Vapour density | 1.55 (vs air) |
| Vapour pressure | 0.08 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Refractive index |
n |
| Flash point | 310 °F |
| Storage temprature | Store at +2°C to +25°C. |
| Solublity | H2O: 10 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless |
| Form | Liquid |
| pKa | 16.50±0.50(Predicted) |
| Specific gravity | 1.138 (20/20℃) |
| Colour | Clear, colourless |
| Relative polarity | 7.3 |
| PH | 8-10 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Explosive limit | 2.7-19.0%(V) |
| Water solublity | Miscible |
| Sensitive | Hygriscopic |
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