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Aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Al2(SO4)3. It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a coagulating agent in the purification of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing. Aluminium sulfate is used in water purification and as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles. In water purification, it causes suspended impurities to coagulate into larger particles and then settle to the bottom of the container (or be filtered out) more easily. This process is called coagulation or flocculation.

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, KMnO4 is a purplish coloured crystalline solid. Non combustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. It is used as a reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds. Potassium permanganate is used extensively in the water treatment industry. It is used to treat drinking water for iron, manganese and sulfur odours. It can be used as a disinfectant as well, keeping drinking water free of harmful bacteria. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Side effects of potassium permanganate are irritation of the skin and discoloration of clothing.

Silica Gel is a granular, vitreous, porous form of silicon dioxide made synthetically from sodium silicate. Silica gel contains a nano-porous silica micro-structure, suspended inside a liquid. Silica gel's high specific surface area allows it to adsorb water readily, making it useful as a desiccant. In chemistry, silica gel is used in chromatography as a stationary phase. Silica gel is used as a desiccant to control local humidity to avoid spoilage or degradation of some goods.